Stakeholder Profiles and the Status of Alternative Learning System Implementation in the Selected Community Learning Centers

Authors

  • Arlene S. Rillorta Department of Education – Talugtug, Nueva Ecija
  • Priscila A. Santos Wesleyan University Philippines image/svg+xml

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.07.08.22

Keywords:

ALS learners, ALS teachers, Alternative Learning System, Community Learning Centers, non-formal education, stakeholder support

Abstract

This study examined the profiles of Alternative Learning System (ALS) teachers and students, selected Community Learning Centers (CLCs), and the status of the implementation of the Alternative Learning System (ALS) in four CLCs. The research included 32 ALS learners and four ALS teachers. The researchers utilized structured questionnaires, a resource checklist and purposive sampling in gathering information. Average ratings, frequencies, and percentages were used to summarize the data. The learner profiles were dominated by students from low-income homes, men, adolescents, and jobless individuals. Financial hardships and family obligations were the most common reasons given for quitting formal education. The four married women who taught ALS ranged in age from 42 to 63. Two have master's degrees and two have bachelor's degrees, and all have specific training in special needs schooling. The four CLCs offered secure classrooms, facilities for learning activities, and permanent learning spaces; they were categorized as Type 3 centers. Important educational resources were still scarce, tho. The chosen centers lacked or had insufficient furniture, digital resources, instructional aids, visual aids, internet access, and supplemental materials. Despite these drawbacks, teachers and students reported generally positive experiences with ALS education. Positive scores were given to teacher assistance, course relevance, instructional tactics, and engagement; poorer ratings were given to the sufficiency of learning resources. The results indicate a disparity between the availability of basic facilities and the scarcity of digital and instructional resources that support them. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abad, R., & Galleto, P. (2020). Alternative Learning System program's implementa-tion landscape in a division in the Philip-pines. International Journal of Educa-tional

Management and Development Studies, 1(2), 45–60.

Ahmed, M. (2016). Non-formal education and development in Bangladesh. BRAC Uni-versity Press.

Albert, J. R. G., Mendoza, R. U., Cabalfin, D. L. D., Mahmoud, M. A., & Muñoz, M. S. (2024). A process evaluation of the Philippine Al-ternative Learning System (PIDS Discus-sion Paper Series No. 2024-31). Philip-pine Institute for Development Studies. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.31

Alvarez, M., & Gonzales, R. (2021). Resource availability and quality of instruction in Alternative Learning System centers. Phil-ippine Journal of Education, 49(1), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.51743/pjer.49.1.45

Andrada, R., & Villanueva, M. (2021). Resource adequacy and learner engagement in Philippine Alternative Learning System programs. Philippine Journal of Educa-tion, 48(2), 105–120. https://doi.org/10.51743/pjer.48.2.105

ASEAN Secretariat. (2018). Non-formal educa-tion initiatives in Southeast Asia. ASEAN Secretariat.

Balana, B., Reyes, M., & Villanueva, R. (2020). Out-of-school youth and determinants of school dropout in the Philippines. Philip-pine Journal of Educational Research, 47(3), 95–110. https://doi.org/10.51743/pjer.47.3.95

Bautista, R., & Medina, P. (2021). Stakeholder participation and sustainability of the Al-ternative Learning System in the Philip-pines. Philippine Journal of Educational Administration, 15(2), 77–94.

Dela Cruz, J., & Reyes, M. (2022). Learning en-vironments and learner satisfaction in Al-ternative Learning System programs. Asia Pacific Journal of Education Re-search, 12(2), 81–98.

Department of Education. (2020). Alternative Learning System K to 12 curriculum guide. Department of Education.

Department of Education. (2023). Alternative Learning System (ALS) program over-view. https://www.deped.gov.ph/about-als/

Diaz, R., & Rosales, M. (2021). Teacher experi-ence and learner outcomes in Alternative Learning System programs in the

Philippines. Philippine Journal of Educa-tion, 50(2), 67–84. https://doi.org/10.51743/pjer.50.2.67

Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.

Freeman, R. E., Phillips, R., & Sisodia, R. (2020). Tensions in stakeholder theory. Business & Society, 59(2), 213–231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650318773750

Galang, M., Santos, J., & Reyes, A. (2023). Teaching and learning experiences of Al-ternative Learning System implementers and learners in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Educational Research, 50(1), 23–42.

Garcia, A., & Santos, P. (2021). Stakeholder col-laboration and program implementation in the Alternative Learning System. Jour-nal of Philippine Educational Manage-ment, 16(1), 45–61.

Garcia, R., & Tan, M. (2021). Physical learning resources and instructional effectiveness in community learning centers. Philippine Journal of Education, 49(2), 89–104.

Gonzales, R., & de Leon, M. (2021). Teacher competency and learner engagement in Philippine alternative education pro-grams. Asian Journal of Education, 23(2), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.31235/aje.2021.23.2.45

Gray, J. R., & Grove, S. K. (2021). Burns and Grove's the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (9th ed.). Elsevier.

Hero, J. L. (2022). Assessment of 21st-century skills acquisition of ALS senior high school learners. International Journal of Learn-ing, Teaching and Educational Research, 21(5), 112–128.

Käpplinger, B., & Lichte, N. (2020). Adult edu-cation and Volkshochschulen in Germany. International Journal of Lifelong Educa-tion, 39(4), 399–414.

Lagasca, A., Cruz, J., & Santos, L. (2021). Socio-economic factors influencing participa-tion in the Alternative Learning System. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 24(1), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.31235/apjer.24.1.55

Lao, A., & Cruz, J. (2020). Stakeholder engage-ment and community participation in Al-ternative Learning System implementa-tion. Asia Pacific Journal of Educational Studies, 10(4), 95–111.

Lao, A., Cruz, J., & Santos, L. (2021). Socio-economic factors affecting participation in the Alternative Learning System in ru-ral Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Ed-ucation Research, 11(3), 112–128. https://doi.org/10.31235/apjer.11.3.112

Lima, A., & De Souza, M. (2018). Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) and second-chance education in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Education, 23(4), 87–103.

Mendoza, L., & Cruz, J. (2022). Specialized training and instructional effectiveness in ALS centers. Asia Pacific Journal of Educa-tion Research, 12(2), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.31235/apjer.12.2.101

Mwangi, P., & Wanjohi, G. (2017). Basic litera-cy program and workforce readiness in Kenya. African Educational Research Journal, 5(3), 150–161.

Navarro, E. (2024). Learning environments and instructional resource adequacy in Philippine Alternative Learning System centers. Philippine Journal of Educational Research, 52(1), 55–73.

Nguyen, H., & Le, T. (2022). Continuing Educa-tion Centers and lifelong learning in Vi-etnam. Asian Journal of Education and Training, 8(3), 101–115.

Pablo, C. (2021). Demographic profile and ed-ucational motivations of ALS learners. Philippine Educational Review, 9(2), 56–71.

Padilla, R., & Mercado, S. (2021). Learner satis-faction and instructional quality in Alter-native Learning System programs. Philip-pine Journal of Education, 49(3), 121–138.

Pham, T., & Bui, N. (2023). Digital technologies in non-formal education programs in Vi-etnam. Journal of Educational Technolo-gy Systems, 52(1), 88–104.

Philippine Institute for Development Studies. (2021). Improving access and quality in the Alternative Learning System. https://pids.gov.ph/publications/als-access-quality

Quintana, M., & Villanueva, R. (2024). Gender participation trends among ALS learners in the Philippines. Journal of Educational Policy and Practice, 12(1), 21–39.

Republic Act No. 11510. (2020). Alternative Learning System Act. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2020/ra_11510_2020.html

Reyes, J., Bautista, P., & Tan, R. (2022). Special needs training for ALS teachers: Effects on learner performance. Philippine Journal of Educational Research, 49(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.51743/pjer.49.1.75

Reyes, M., & Flores, P. (2022). Instructional quality, learner support, and satisfaction in Alternative Learning System programs. Asia Pacific Journal of Education Re-search, 12(1), 63–80.

Sharma, R., & Srivastava, N. (2019). Vocational education and training: An Indian per-spective. Indian Journal of Adult Educa-tion, 80(2), 14–30.

Soares, L., & Lopes, M. (2020). Instructional and human resource issues in Brazil's EJA program. Journal of Adult and Continuing Education, 26(3), 244–260.

Sumawang, K., Halili, J., & Vargas, P. (2023). Educational disruption and participation in ALS programs. Philippine Journal of Educational Studies, 18(2), 33–49.

Torres, R., & Bautista, M. (2021). Resource ad-equacy and instructional quality in Phil-ippine Alternative Learning System cen-ters. Philippine Journal of Education, 50(3), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.51743/pjer.50.3.85

Torres, R., & Dela Cruz, M. (2021). Teacher per-formance and resource adequacy in ALS programs in the Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Education Research, 10(3), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.31235/apjer.10.3.88

Tran, H. (2021). Vocational education effec-tiveness in Vietnam's Continuing Educa-tion Centers. Asian Journal of Vocational Education, 7(2), 89–106.

Tran, H., & Nguyen, P. (2021). Continuing Edu-cation Centers and rural adult learners in Vietnam. International Journal of Lifelong Learning, 40(5), 512–528.

UNESCO. (2022). Information and communica-tion technologies (ICTs) in education: Policy and practice in low resource set-tings. UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000375487

UNESCO. (2023). Global education monitoring report 2023: Technology in education—A tool on whose terms? UNESCO. https://www.unesco.org/gem-report/en/technology

UNICEF Philippines. (2023). Education: Phil-ippines fact sheet. https://www.unicef.org/philippines/media/7386/file/Education%20Factsheet.pdf

Villanueva, L., & Dela Cruz, J. (2022). Teaching resources and learner engagement in al-ternative learning programs. Asia Pacific Journal of Education Research, 12(3), 115–130. https://doi.org/10.31235/apjer.12.3.115

Villanueva, L., & Reyes, J. (2022). The impact of specialized training on ALS teacher per-formance and learner outcomes. Asia Pa-cific Journal of Education Research, 11(2), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.31235/apjer.11.2.101

Downloads

Published

24-08-2026

How to Cite

Rillorta, A. S., & Santos, P. A. (2026). Stakeholder Profiles and the Status of Alternative Learning System Implementation in the Selected Community Learning Centers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 7(8), 3550–3577. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.07.08.22