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Mar 12, 2022
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Abstract
towards liberalization of trade and promoting importation and exportation business. This qualitative study sought to identify the emerging issues and concerns surrounding the implementation of the customs trade facilitation initiatives on exportation and importation in Central Luzon, Philippines. The participants of this study were 300 exporters, importers, and processors of the Port of Limay (Bataan), Port of Subic (Olongapo), and Port of Clark (Pampanga). A written interview guide was used in data collection. Findings showed varied concerns in the customs trade facilitation activities encountered by the participants in the different ports of Central Luzon. Major problems include the issues on processing time, website system, absence of signatories, delayed processes, trade ruling changes, and the absence of the paperless transactions. The preliminary data obtained from this qualitative research may be a baseline for the continuous improvement of the customs trade facilitation activities in the region. A quantitative instrument may likewise be developed based on the merging themes culled from this study to validate this qualitative inquiry's results further. The current study also contributes to the shortage of literature in the Philippines regarding customs trade facilitation initiatives.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Mangohig, J. A. V. (2022). Exploring the issues and concerns in the implementation of customs trade facilitation initiatives in Central Luzon, Philippines . International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 3(3), 336-345. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.03.03.04
References
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Milner, C., Morrissey, O., & Zgovu, E. (2008). Trade facilitation in developing countries (No. 08/05). CREDIT Research Paper.
Mustafa, T., & Amjad, F. (2020). Analyzing Trade Facilita-tion Bottlenecks across China-Pakistan Border and Recommendations for Their Improvement under CPEC Framework. In Resilience and Sustainable Transportation Systems (pp. 1-9). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers.
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OECD. (2005). The Economic Impact of Trade Facilitation. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=TD/TC/WP(2005)12/FINAL&docLanguage=En
Ojadi, F. (2020). Delays in Customs Clearing Processes in Sub-Saharan African Port: An Analysis and Evalua-lion of the'Pre-Arrival Assessment Report'(PAAR) Process at a Nigerian Seaport. The Journal of Busi-ness Diversity, 20(2), 94-110.
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Otsuki, T., Honda, K., & Wilson, J. S. (2013). Trade facilitation in South Asia. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 2(2), 172–190.
Roberts, B., Prager, F., Baschnagel, C., Rose, A., & Shears, B. (2021). The economic benefits of trade facilita-tion: US Customs and Border Protection’s Centers of Excellence and Expertise programme. The World Economy, 44(2), 346-366.
Rogayan, D.V., Jr. (2019). Retrospective evaluation of the science education program in a Philippine state university. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity & Change, 8(7), 352-369.
Roy, C. K., & Xiaoling, H. (2020). Effects of paperless trade policy and Aid for trade on export perfor-mance: evidence from SASEC and CAREC coun-tries. Asian Development Policy Review, 8(1), 61-74.
Sarker, M. N. I., & Rahman, M. Z. (2019). Geopolitical influence and trade between Bangladesh and In-dia. Bangladesh Journal of Public Administration.
Segers, L., Ubacht, J., Tan, Y. H., & D. Rukanova, B. (2019, June). The use of a blockchain-based smart import declaration to reduce the need for manual cross-validation by customs authorities. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 196-203).
Subramanian, U. & J. Arnold (2001), Forging subregional links in transportation and logistics in South Asia. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development [UNCTAD]. (2011). Technical notes on trade facilitation measures. https://unctad.org/en/Docs/dtltlb20101_en.pdf
United Nations. (2015). Goal 17: Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/globalpartnership/
Vorotyntseva, T., Nemirova, G., & Vinichenko, A. (2020, March). Problems of application of digital technol-ogies in international trade. In “New Silk Road: Business Cooperation and Prospective of Economic Development”(NSRBCPED 2019) (pp. 452-456). At-lantis Press.
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World Trade Organization. (2016). The Philippines ratifies Trade Facilitation Agreement. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news16_e/fac_28oct16_e.htm
World Trade Organization. (2017). Trade facilitation agreement. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/tfa-nov14_e
Yeo, A. D., & Deng, A. (2020). Logistics performance as a mediator of the relationship between trade facili-tation and international trade: A mediation analy-sis. South African Journal of Economic and Man-agement Sciences, 23(1), 1-11.
Addo, A. (2021). Information technology and public ad-ministration modernization in a developing coun-try: Pursuing paperless clearance at Ghana cus-toms. Information Systems Journal.
Albert, T. (2019). The African Continental Free Trade Agreement: Opportunities and Challenges. Geneva: CUTS.
Al-Maskari, A., Al-Maskari, M., Alqanoobi, M., & Kunju-muhammed, S. (2019). Internal and external ob-stacles facing medium and large enterprises in Rusayl Industrial Estates in the Sultanate of Oman. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Re-search, 9(1), 1-20.
Asian Development Bank. (2017). Trade Facilitation for a More Inclusive and Connected Asia and Pacific Region: Progress and Way Forward. https://www.adb.org/publications/trade-facilitation-inclusive-connected-asia-pacific-way-forward
Atehnjia, D., Nsoh, C., & Obeng, F. (2020). Examining the factors affecting the implementation of a paperless port system. International Journal of Engineering Research and Advanced Technology (IJERAT), 6(7).
Beverelli, C., & Ticku, R. (2020). Trade Facilitation and Tariff Evasion. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/esi_working_papers/319/
Bowering, G. (2018). Does e-commerce and the growing availability of trade data mean that the customs declaration may no longer be required?. World Customs Journal, 12(1), 3-16.
Carballo, J., Graziano, A., Schaur, G., & Volpe Martincus, C. (2021). Import Processing and Trade Costs.
Engman, M. (2005). The economic impact of trade facili-tation.
Fan, Q. (2019). An exploratory study of cross border e-commerce (CBEC) in China: opportunities and challenges for small to medium size enterprises (SMEs). International Journal of E-Entrepreneurship and Innovation (IJEEI), 9(1), 23-29.
Fedorenko, R. V., & Pokrovskaya, O. (2020, January). East-West Transport Corridor: Issues of Customs and Logistics Infrastructure Development. In Conference Proceedings of the International Ses-sion on Factors of Regional Extensive Development (FRED 2019) p (pp. 88-93).
Ferreira, C., M. Engelschalk, and W. Mayville, 2007, \The challenge of combating corruption in customs administrations," in J. Edgardo Campos, and Sanjay Pradhan (ed.), The Many Faces of Corruption: Tracking Vulnerabilities at the Sector Level, World Bank, Washington DC.
François, J., & Manchin, M. (2013). Institutions, infrastructure, and trade. World Development, 46(C), 165–175.
Grainger, A. (2012). Trade facilitation: a conceptual review. Journal of World Trade, 45(1).
Heijmann, F., Tan, Y. H., Rukanova, B., & Veenstra, A. (2020). The changing role of Customs: Customs aligning with supply chain and information man-agement. World Customs Journal, 14(2), 131-142.
Hendy, R., & Zaki, C. (2021). Trade facilitation and firms exports: Evidence from customs da-ta. International Review of Economics & Fi-nance, 75, 197-209.
Hien, P. T. T., & Hung, N. V. (2020). Applying ‘mirror sta-tistics’ in cross-border trade administration: case of general department of Vietnam customs. World Customs Journal, 14(1), 41-54.
Hoffman, A. J., Grater, S., Venter, W. C., Maree, J., & Liebenberg, D. (2018). An explorative study into the effectiveness of a customs operation and its impact on trade. World customs journal, 12(2), 63-86.
Hussain, A. (2018). Reforming the Indian Port Sec-tor. Global Journal of Emerging Market Econo-mies, 10(1-3), 73-84.
Irwin, H. (2020). Communicating with Asia: Understand-ing people and customs. Routledge.
Ismail, N. W. (2020). Digital trade facilitation and bilateral trade in selected Asian countries. Studies in Economics and Finance.
Karabulut, C., & Civelek, M. E. (2019). Hybrid-Paperless Adoption & Integration: Evaluotion of the Current Situation in Turkey. Eurasian Business & Econom-ics Journal,(2019) Doi, 10.
Kituyi, M. (2016). SDGs: the people’s agenda. Why trade matters. http:// www.sustainablegoals.org.uk/why-trade-matters/
Laajaj, R., Eslava, M., & Kinda, T. (2019). The costs of bureaucracy and corruption at customs: Evidence from the computerization of imports in Colom-bia. Documento CEDE, (2019-08).
Liu, T., & Wang, Z. (2020, January). Practical problems in the customs supervision on Cross-Border E-commerce goods and its solutions. In 5th Interna-tional Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2019) (pp. 1013-1020). At-lantis Press.
Matuszak, S. (2018). In search of new routes. Ukraine’s foreign trade after the Revolution of Dignity. Ośrodek Studiów Wschodnich im. Marka Karpia.
McDaniel, C. A., & Norberg, H. C. (2019). Can blockchain technology facilitate international trade?. Mercatus Research Paper.
McLinden, G., Fanta, E., Widdowson, D., & Doyle, T. (Eds.) (2011). Border management modernization. World Bank Publications. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Meral, Y. (2018). Documentary risk in international trade. In Strategic Design and Innovative Thinking in Business Operations (pp. 413-431). Springer, Cham.
Milner, C., Morrissey, O., & Zgovu, E. (2008). Trade facilitation in developing countries (No. 08/05). CREDIT Research Paper.
Mustafa, T., & Amjad, F. (2020). Analyzing Trade Facilita-tion Bottlenecks across China-Pakistan Border and Recommendations for Their Improvement under CPEC Framework. In Resilience and Sustainable Transportation Systems (pp. 1-9). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers.
OECD. (2004). Structural Adjustment in Textiles and Clothing in the Post-ATC Trading Environment”, TD/TC/WP(2004)23/FINAL.
OECD. (2005). The Economic Impact of Trade Facilitation. http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/publicdisplaydocumentpdf/?cote=TD/TC/WP(2005)12/FINAL&docLanguage=En
Ojadi, F. (2020). Delays in Customs Clearing Processes in Sub-Saharan African Port: An Analysis and Evalua-lion of the'Pre-Arrival Assessment Report'(PAAR) Process at a Nigerian Seaport. The Journal of Busi-ness Diversity, 20(2), 94-110.
Osabohien, R., Adeleye, N., & Osabuohien, E. (2021). African Growth and Opportunity Act and trade per-formance in Nigeria. Heliyon, 7(3), e06410.
Otsuki, T., Honda, K., & Wilson, J. S. (2013). Trade facilitation in South Asia. South Asian Journal of Global Business Research, 2(2), 172–190.
Roberts, B., Prager, F., Baschnagel, C., Rose, A., & Shears, B. (2021). The economic benefits of trade facilita-tion: US Customs and Border Protection’s Centers of Excellence and Expertise programme. The World Economy, 44(2), 346-366.
Rogayan, D.V., Jr. (2019). Retrospective evaluation of the science education program in a Philippine state university. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity & Change, 8(7), 352-369.
Roy, C. K., & Xiaoling, H. (2020). Effects of paperless trade policy and Aid for trade on export perfor-mance: evidence from SASEC and CAREC coun-tries. Asian Development Policy Review, 8(1), 61-74.
Sarker, M. N. I., & Rahman, M. Z. (2019). Geopolitical influence and trade between Bangladesh and In-dia. Bangladesh Journal of Public Administration.
Segers, L., Ubacht, J., Tan, Y. H., & D. Rukanova, B. (2019, June). The use of a blockchain-based smart import declaration to reduce the need for manual cross-validation by customs authorities. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 196-203).
Subramanian, U. & J. Arnold (2001), Forging subregional links in transportation and logistics in South Asia. The World Bank, Washington, D.C.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development [UNCTAD]. (2011). Technical notes on trade facilitation measures. https://unctad.org/en/Docs/dtltlb20101_en.pdf
United Nations. (2015). Goal 17: Revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/globalpartnership/
Vorotyntseva, T., Nemirova, G., & Vinichenko, A. (2020, March). Problems of application of digital technol-ogies in international trade. In “New Silk Road: Business Cooperation and Prospective of Economic Development”(NSRBCPED 2019) (pp. 452-456). At-lantis Press.
World Trade Organization TFAF. (2019). Annual report 2019. Retrieved from https://www.tfafacility.org/annual-report-2019
World Trade Organization. (2016). The Philippines ratifies Trade Facilitation Agreement. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news16_e/fac_28oct16_e.htm
World Trade Organization. (2017). Trade facilitation agreement. Retrieved from https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/tfa-nov14_e
Yeo, A. D., & Deng, A. (2020). Logistics performance as a mediator of the relationship between trade facili-tation and international trade: A mediation analy-sis. South African Journal of Economic and Man-agement Sciences, 23(1), 1-11.